If My Dog Bites Somebody, Will I be Liable?

Singaporeans are undoubtedly dog lovers. According to reported figures, the number of dog licences – which are required by authorities for dog owners – in the country has increased from about 70,000 in 2019 to about 87,000 in 2022.

While our furry friends are usually well-behaved and make good companions, unfortunate situations may sometimes arise.

From time to time, incidents of dogs attacking people do surface in the media. As a dog owner, you might be concerned about the legal consequences of your dog attacking someone. This article outlines some of these consequences.

Statutory Liability When Your Dog Injures Someone

Under the section 10 of the Miscellaneous Offences (Public Order and Nuisance) Act, dog owners will be liable to a fine up to $5,000 if their dog bites another person. In addition, the dog owner must pay compensation of an amount not exceeding $2,000 to the person that has suffered the injury. The court will assess the exact amount of compensation to be paid.

As this is a strict liability offence, dog owners are liable in the event of a dog bite even if the dog owner was not negligent or did not know that the dog is inclined towards aggression. For example, if it was your domestic helper who failed to close the gate while you were not around, causing your dog to run out of the house and bite someone, you will still be held liable under the law.

However, if the dog bite occurred in your home, you will not be liable if you can prove that you did not expressly or impliedly permit the injured person into your home or it was not within the ordinary course of duty for the injured person to be in your home. For example, if you had accidentally left the gate open and a complete stranger entered into your house and got bitten, it is unlikely that you will be statutorily liable.

In addition, you will not be liable if the injury was attributable to any wrongful act of the injured person. For example, if your dog had bitten someone who had been abusing or torturing it, it is possible that you may not be held liable.

It should also be noted that dog owners may be liable for their dog’s actions even in situations other than dog bites.

One such scenario is if it can be proven that your dog has the habit of running at other persons, vehicles or bicycles along a public road. In that case, a fine up to $1,000 may be imposed on the respective dog owner. A dog owner may also be charged if he is found to be incompetent to walk his dog, and allows his dog to attack another person or animal by not keeping it on leash at all times.

In addition, if your dog is found to be ferocious but you fail to muzzle it in public as required, you may be liable to a fine of up to $5,000. If this results in a bite or an attempt to bite, the courts may also issue an order to put the dog down.

Common Law Liability When Your Dog Injures Someone

Apart from liability under statute, dog owners may also attract liability under common law.

Dog owners may be liable for negligence if they have, by their actions or omissions, caused their dog to become unleashed and cause injury to a person. For example, if you were using your mobile phone while walking your dog and failed to be vigilant, resulting in your dog running off and biting a passer-by, the passer-by may commence a civil suit in negligence against you and claim damages for any personal injuries they might have suffered as a result.

In the first reported case of a negligence lawsuit involving dogs, in 2022, the district court found a dog handler liable for damages when his two larger animals – a golden retriever and a rough collie – bolted off their leash and attacked a smaller dog that was being taken for a walk. The owner of the smaller dog was also bitten when she tried to shield her pet from the attack. The court found that the dog handler did not meet the standard of care required of him based on the facts, and held him negligent for the injuries caused to the smaller dog and her owner.

General Responsibilities of Dog Owners

It is important to be mindful of the relevant rules and guidelines as a responsible dog owner.

Certain dog breeds must be leashed and muzzled at all times when out in public. Such breeds include the Pitbull, German Shepherd, Rottweiler and Bull Terrier among others. A full list may be found in the Second Schedule of the Animals and Birds (Dog Licensing and Control) Rules.

If your dog is showing signs of aggression, dog training may be effective in curbing its aggressive tendencies. It is also best to ensure your pet is confined within a safe area to prevent its escape. You may wish to refer to the Code of Animal Welfare (For Pet Owners) published by the National Parks Board’s Animal & Veterinary Service cluster for more information.